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ÌÐÒ ïðè ìèãðåíè (îáçîð)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Migraine Reviewed by John B. Chawluk, MD Department of Neurology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA [Rev Neurol Dis. 2004;1(4):216-218] 2004 MedReviews, LLC Ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 20 ëåò íàçàä òåðìèí “íåîïîçíàííûé ñâåòÿùèéñÿ îáúåêò, "èëè" UBO ” ñòàë ñëîâîì èç ìåäèöèíñêîãî æàðãîíà, ïðèâëåêàÿ âíèìàíèå, íî è îòðàçèâ ïå÷àëüíûé ôàêò ÷òî T2-âçâåøåííîå ìàãíèòíî- ðåçîíàíñíîå îòîáðàæåíèå (MRI) î÷åíü ÷óâñòâèòåëüíî â îáíàðóæåíèè ìîçãîâîé ïàòîëîãèè, íî íåäîñòàòî÷íî ñïåöèôè÷íî. Âñêîðå ïîñëå òîãî, áûëî ñäåëàíî íàáëþäåíèå, ÷òî ìèãðåíü ÿâëÿåòñÿ åùå îäíèì íåâðîëîãè÷åñêèì ñîñòîÿíèåì, ïðè êîòîðîì "íåñïåöèôè÷åñêèå" ãèïåðèíòåíñèâíûå î÷àãè(WMH) îáíàðóæèâàþòñÿ áîëåå ÷àñòî ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ëþäüìè áåç ãîëîâíîé áîëè. Ïðîòèâîðå÷èâûå ñîîáùåíèÿ âòðå÷àëèñü î òîì, ÷òî ñòðàäàþùèå ìèãðåíüþ äåéñòâèòåëüíî èìåþò áîëüøóþ ñêëîííîñòü ê ìîçãîâûì ïîâðåæäåíèÿì ÷åì êîíòðîëüíàÿ ãðóïïà. Äâà íåäàâíèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîêàçàëè âûñîêèé ïðîöåíò íàðóøåíèé MÐÒ ñðåäè ñòðàäàþùèõ ìèãðåíüþ. Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients With Migraine Gozke E, Ore O, Dortcan N, et al. Headache. 2004;44:166-169. Ñîîáùåíèå îòíîñèòåëüíî 45 ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ìèãðåíüþ ñ èëè áåç àóðû Gozke ñ êîëëåãàìè, èìååò íåäîñòàòêè ïî ïîäáîðó è êîëè÷åñòâó ïàöèåíòîâ. Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèå ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ãèïåðèíòåíñèâíûå î÷àãè íà T2-âçâåøåííûõ èçîáðàæåíèÿõ MÐÒ îáíàðóæèâàþòñÿ âäâîå ÷àùå ó ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ìèãðåíüþ ñ àóðîé (40 %) ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ìèãðåíüþ áåç àóðû (20 %) (P <.05). Òàêæå èìåòñÿ ñâÿçü ìåæäó êîëè÷åñòâîì ïðèñòóïîâ è èçìåíåíèÿìè íà ÌÐÒ, õîòÿ íè î êàêîì ñòàòèñòè÷åñêîì çíà÷åíèè íå ñîîáùàþò. Ñðåäíÿÿ ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîñòü ìèãðåíè áûëà áîëåå äëèííà â ïàöèåíòàõ ñ ãèïåðèíòåíñèâíûìè î÷àãàìè (149.5 ìåñÿöåâ) ÷åì ó ïàöèåíòîâ áåç î÷àãîâ (134.1 ìåñÿöû), íî ýòè ðàçëè÷èÿ íå áûëè ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè ñóùåñòâåííû. Ñîñóäèñòûå ôàêòîðû ðèñêà, âêëþ÷àÿ ïðèñóòñòâèå èëè îòñóòñòâèå âàñêóëèòîâ,áûëè ïðèíÿòû âî âíèìàíèå, õîòÿ àâòîðû ÿâíî íå âûäåëÿëè ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ãèïåðëèïèäåìèåé èëè êóðåíèåì. Migraine as a Risk Factor for Subclinical Brain Lesions Kruit MC, van Buchem MA, Hofman PAM, et al. JAMA. 2004;291:427-434. Ñîîáùåíèå Kruit ñ ïàðòíåðàìè íàìíîãî áîëåå ïðàâèëüíî ïî äèçàéíó, è îáåñïå÷èâàåò áîëåå äåòàëüíûå äàííûå îòíîñèòåëüíî íàëè÷èÿ è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå òîãî, ÷òî àâòîðû íàçûâàþò “ñóáêëèíè÷åñêèå ìîçãîâûå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ” ïðè ìèãðåíè. Ãëàâíîå ïðåèìóùåñòâî èññëåäîâàíèÿ òî, ÷òî áûëà ïðîâåäåí ðàíäîìèçèðîâàííûé îòáîð ëèö âîçðàñòà îò 20 - 60 ëåò.  íà÷àëüíîé ñòàäèè îòáîðà, 863 ñëó÷àåâ ìèãðåíè áûëè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû , â 54 % ñëó÷àåâ ðàíåå íå äèàãíîñòèðîâàíûõ âðà÷îì êàê ìèãðåíü ! Õîòÿ âîçìîæíî ýòî íåñêîëüêî óäèâèòåëüíî, íî ýòî ñòàòèñòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ ñîâìåñòèìî ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè American Migraine II study ãäå îòìå÷åíî, ÷òî íåäèàãíîñòèðîâàííîå ÷èñëî ñëó÷àåâ ìèãðåíè â Ñîåäèíåííûõ Øòàòàõ áûëî 52 %. Ïîëíàÿ îöåíêà ñîöèàëüíîé è ìåäèöèíñêîé äåìîãðàôèè áûëà âûïîëíåíà, âêëþ÷àÿ îáðàçîâàòåëüíûé óðîâåíü, êóðåíèå,èñïîëüçîâàíèå îðàëüíûõ êîíòðàöåïòèâîâ, èíäåêñ ìàññû òåëà, àðòåðèàëüíîå äàâëåíèå, è ïîëíûé óðîâåíü õîëåñòåðèíà . Îöåíêà êîëè÷åñòâà ïðèñòóïîâ ãîëîâíîé áîëè â ìåñÿö è èñïîëüçóåìîå ëå÷åíèå (ergotamines è triptans) ïðîâîäèëàñü íà îñíîâå àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ . Ïðîñìîòðû MÐÒ áûëè âûïîëíåíû íà 1.5 T èëè 1.0 T ñêàíåðàõ ñ áîëåå òîíêèìè îñåâûìè ñðåçàìè ÷åì èñïîëüçóåìûå îáû÷íî êëèíè÷åñêèå ïðîòîêîëû (3 ìì). Òàêæå èñïîëüçîâàëñÿ è ìåòîä FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging) îáëàäàþùèé ãîðàçäî áîëüøåé ÷óâñòâèòåëüíîñòüþ. Èç 435 èçó÷åííûõ ïàöèåíòîâ (ñðåäíèé âîçðàñò 48.5 ëåò), ó 31 îáíàðóæåíî 60 õðîíè÷åñêèõ ìîçãîâûõ èíôàðêòîâ ðàçìåðîì îò 2 ìì äî 21 ìì. ×èñëî èíôàðêòîâ â âåðòåáðî-áàçèëÿðíîì áàññåéíå (PCI) áûëî çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøå ó æåíùèí ñòðàäàþùèõ ìèãðåíüþ (16 ñëó÷àåâ, 5.4 %) ïðîòèâ êîíòðîëÿ (1 ñëó÷àé, 0.7 %) (P = .02).  öåëîì, 33 õðîíè÷åñêèõ PCIs áûëè çàìå÷åíû, 1 â ìîñòå è 32 â ìîçæå÷êå. Óâåëè÷åíèå ÷àñòîòû ïðèñòóïîâ ãîëîâíîé áîëè áûëî ñâÿçàíî ñî çíà÷èòåëüíî óâåëè÷åííûì ðèñêîì äëÿ PCI (P <.005). Êðîìå òîãî, PCI âñòðå÷àëñÿ ÷àùå ó ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ìèãðåíüþ ñ àóðîé (8.1 %) ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ëèöàìè áåç àóðû (2.2 %) (P = .03). Ðèñê áîëüøåãî êîë-âà è äèàìåòðà ãèïåðèíòåíñèâíûõ î÷àãîâ áûë çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøå ó æåíùèí ñ ìèãðåíüþ ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ êîíòðîëåì (odds ratio, 2.1; 95%; confidence interval 1.0-4.1). Ýòîò ðèñê ïîâûøàåòñÿ îò ÷àñòîòû ïðèñòóïîâ ìèãðåíè (P = .008). Òàêîé çàâèñèìîñòè íå áûëî çàìå÷åíî ó ìóæ÷èí, è ïðè ýòîì íå áûëî óâåëè÷åíèÿ ó íèõ ïåðèâåíòðèêóëÿðíûõ ãèïåðèíòåíñèâíûõ î÷àãîâ â ñðàâíåíèè ñ êîíòðîëåì. Ñîîáùåíèÿ Kruit è Gozke ïîäòâåðæàþò ìíåíèå ÷òî ìèãðåíü, îñîáåííî ìèãðåíü ñ àóðîé, ÷åðåç ìåõàíèçìû âñå åùå íå ïîëíîñòüþ èçó÷åííûå, âåäåò ê ïðîãðåññèðóþùåìó ìîçãîâîìó ïîâðåæäåíèþ, èìåþùåìó êëèíè÷åñêóþ êîððåëÿöèþ . Ïîêà íåÿñíî ïðåæäå âñåãî ïðè÷èíà ìîçãîâûõ ïîâðåæäåíèé ýòî âòîðè÷íûå ñîñóäèñòûå ðåàêöèè ïðè ìèãðåíè èëè ýòî ñîñóäèñòûå ñîïóòñòâóþùèå çàáîëåâàíèÿ îòâåòñòâåííû çà ìîçãîâûå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ ó ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ìèãðåíüþ.  ïîääåðæêó ïîñëåäíåé ãèïîòåçû ãîâîðÿò íåäàâíèå ñîîáùåíèÿ, ãäå çàìå÷åíà ñóùåñòâåííàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü ìåæäó patent foramen ovale (PFO) è ìèãðåíüþ, ñ çàêðûòèåì PFO, âåäóùåãî ê äðàìàòè÷åñêîìó îáëåã÷åíèþ ìèãðåíè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì íåâðîëîãè, íàáëþäàþùèå ïàöèåíòîâ ñ ìèãðåíüþ äîëæíû îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íå òîëüêî íà îêàçàíèå áûñòðîé ïîìîùè ïðè îñòðûõ ïðèñòóïàõ, íî è íà ñíèæåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà è èíòåíñèâíîñòè ïðèñòóïîâ äëÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêè õðîíè÷åñêîé ìîçãîâîé ïàòîëîãèè. References 1. Kaplan RD, Solomon GD, Diamond S, Freitag FG. The role of MRI in the eval-uation of a migraine population. Preliminary data. Headache. 1987;27:315-318. 2. Fazekas F, Koch M, Schmidt R, et al. The prevalence of cerebral damage varies with migraine type: a MRI study. Headache. 1992;32:287-291. 3.Gozke E, Ore O, Dortcan N, et al. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging find-ings in patients with migraine. Headache. 2004;44:166-169. 4.Kruit MC, van Buchem MA, Hofman PAM, et al. Migraine as a risk factor for subclinical brain lesions. JAMA. 2004;291:427-434. 5.Lipton RB, Diamond S, Reed M, et al. Migraine diagnosis and treatment: results from the American Migraine Study II. Headache. 2001;41:638-645. 6.Lipton RB, Pan J. Is migraine a progressive brain disease? (editorial). JAMA. 2004;291:493-494. 7.Sandor PS, Mascia A, Seidel L, et al. Subclinical cerebellar impairment in the common types of migraine: a three-dimensional analysis of reaching move-ments. Ann Neurol. 2001;49:668-672. 8.Del Sette M, Angeli S, Leandri M, et al. Migraine with aura and right-to-left shunt on transcranial Doppler: a case-control study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998; 8:327-330. 9.Carerj S, Narbone MC, Zito C, et al. Prevalence of atrial septal aneurysm in patients with migraine: an echocardiographic study. Headache. 2003;43: 725-728. 10.Schwerzman M, Wiher S, Nedeltchev K, et al. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale reduces the frequency of migraine attacks. Neurology. 2004; 62:1399-1401. |
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Èãîðü Íèêîëàåâè÷, ñïàñèáî îãðîìíîå çà ïîäðîáíûé îòâåò!
Öèòàòà:
Ñïàñèáî çà ðàçúÿñíåíèå èçìåíåíèé, çàôèêñèðîâàííûõ ÌÐÒ, ðàçúÿñíåíèÿ ïîëíûå, âñ¸ ïîíÿòíî. Ñïàñèáî çà òî, ÷òî âûëîæèëè îáçîð. Íà âñÿêèé ñëó÷àé ñîõðàíèëè èíôîðìàöèþ - âäðóã ïðèãîäèòñÿ â áåñåäå ñ ìåñòíûì íåâðîïàòîëîãîì. Âîïðîñû: Öèòàòà:
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#18
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Ëå÷åíèå ÷åðåç èíòåðíåò íå íàçíà÷àåòñÿ.  ëå÷åíèè îñòðûõ ïðèñòóïîâ ìèãðåíè èñïîëüçóþò êëàññ ëåêàðñòâ ïîä íàçâàíèåì òðèïòàíû. Íî íàçíà÷åíèå êîíêðåòíîãî ëåêàðñòâà ïðåðîãàòèâà ëå÷àùåãî âðà÷à.
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#19
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Èññëåäîâàíèÿ è àíàëèçû, ïðî êîòîðûå ÿ íàïèñàë âûøå, æåëàòåëüíî ñäåëàòü.
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#20
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Ñïàñèáî Âàì áîëüøîå! Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïðîéäó.
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#21
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Óâàæàåìûé Èãîðü Íèêîëàåâè÷, óâàæàåìûå ñïåöèàëèñòû! Ó Ñåðãåÿ áûë íîâûé ïðèñòóï, âíîâü ñ ïîòåðåé ðå÷è, ñ áîëüøåé èíòåíñèâíîñòüþ áîëè. Âî âðåìÿ ïðèñòóïà îí ïîïàë â ãîñïèòàëü, ïîñëå îäíîãî èç óêîëîâ âîçíèêëè ñóäîðîãè. Âðà÷è èç âîåííîãî ãîñïèòàëÿ äèàãíîç íå ñòàâÿò.
Âîçìîæíî, íà äàííîì ôîðóìå åñòü ñïåöèàëèñòû, êîòîðûå ìîãóò ïîñîâåòîâàòü, ê êîìó îáðàòèòüñÿ â ã. Íîâîðîññèéñêå? Ìîæåò áûòü, â ýòîì ãîðîäå åñòü íåâðîïàòîëîã, êîòîðûé ïîñåùàåò ýòîò ôîðóì? Ìû â îò÷àÿíèè. Ñ óâàæåíèåì, Åëåíà. |
#22
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Íå íóæíî îò÷àèâàòüñÿ. Äàâàéòå ïîäîæäåì ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ. Äèàãíîç ïîñòàâèòü äîëæíû.
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Öèòàòà:
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