#46
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Íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ïðîñòî òåðàïèÿ àíòèêîàãóëÿíòàìè êàê ïðàâèëî íåîïòèìàëüíà. À ïîêàçàíèÿ ê èìïëàíòàöèè êàâà-ôèëüòðîâ ðèñêíó íàïîìíèòü:
Àáñîëþòíûå • Íåïåðåíîñèìîñòü àíòèêîàãóëÿíòîâ èëè äðóãèå ïðîòèâîïîêàçàíèÿ ê èõ íàçíà÷åíèþ • Ïîâòîðíàÿ ÒÝËÀ íà ôîíå ïðèåìà àíòèêîàãóëÿíòîâ â àäåêâàòíîé äîçå • Õèðóðãè÷åñêàÿ ýìáîëýêòîìèÿ Îòíîñèòåëüíûå • Ôëîòèðóþùèé òðîìá • Ìàññèâíàÿ ÒÝËÀ • Áîëüíûå ñ âûñîêèì ðèñêîì ÒÝËÀ ïåðåä îðòîïåäè÷åñêèìè îïåðàöèÿìè (âðåìåííûé) • Òÿæåëàÿ ñåðäå÷íàÿ è/èëè äûõàòåëüíàÿ íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü |
#47
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#48
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1. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] Öèòàòà: "...Iliofemoral thrombosis with a 5 cm or longer free-floating tail may have a higher risk of emboli and could undergo prophylactic vena cava filter placement through a pathway that avoids the involved vessel for filter placement..." 2. Greenfield LJ. Caval Interruption Procedures. In Rutherford RB, ed. Vascular Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company; 2000. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè ðàäè äîëæåí çàìåòèòü, ÷òî â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû äåéñòâèòåëüíî ïîÿâèëèñü ðàáîòû, ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþùèå, ÷òî ðèñê ÒÝËÀ íå âñåãäà íàïðÿìóþ ñâÿçàí ñ ñàìèì ôàêòîì íàëè÷èÿ ôëîòèðóþùåé âåðõóøêà, à ïðåæäå âñåãî ñ åå ëîêàëèçàöèåé è ðàçìåðàìè. |
#49
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Ñîáñòâåííî ññûëêà [7], ýòî òå æå àâòîðû â ó÷åáíèêå, âåðîÿòíî, ññûëàþòñÿ íà ñâîþ ðàáîòó. Ïîçæå áûëî åùå íåñêîëüêî èññëåäîâàíèé (îáà - ðåòðîñïåêòèâíûõ) ïî ýòîìó âîïðîñó, ñóùåñòâåííî îòëè÷àâøèõñÿ îò ïåðâîé ðàáîòû. Baldridge ED, Martin MA, Welling RE. Clinical significance of free-floating venous thrombi. J Vasc Surg. 1990 Jan; 11(1):62-7 Ó 9 áûëà ÒÝËÀ èç 72 ñ ôëîòèðóþùèì òðîìáîçîì. Ïðè÷åì ó 7 (!) èç 9 äî ïîñòàíîâêè äèàãíîçà ôëîòèðóþùåãî òðîìáîçà, ò. å. äî ëå÷åíèÿ. Íà ôîíå ëå÷åíèÿ (íåñêîëüêî íåäåëü à/ê) 55% FFT îêàçàëèñü ïðèêðåïëåíû ê ñòåíêå âåíû, 26% çíà÷èòåëüíî óìåíüøèëèñü â ðàçìåðàõ èëè ðàñòâîðèëèñü è òîëüêî 3 - óâåëè÷èëèñü. Berry RE, George JE, Shaver WA. Free-floating deep venous thrombosis. A retrospective analysis. Ann Surg. 1990 Jun;211(6):719-2 ×àñòîòà ÒÝËÀ 26%, îäíàêî, ïî àáñòðàêòó íå ïîíÿòíî äî èëè ïîñëå ëå÷åíèÿ. Ñóäÿ ïî âûâîäàì àâòîðîâ, êîòîðûå ãîâîðÿò î öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè óñòàíîâêè ôèëüòðà ïðè ïåðñèñòèðóþùèõ, áèëàòåðàëüíûõ è ïðîãðåññèðóþùèõ FFT íà ôîíå à/ê òåðàïèè – îïÿòü æå áîëüøèíñòâî - äî. È åùå ðàç íàïîìíþ, ÷òî â ïðèâåäåííîé ìíîþ âûøå ïðîñïåêòèâíîé ðàáîòå ðèñê ÒÝËÀ íà ôîíå àäåêâàòíîé à/ê òåðàïèè íå îòëè÷àëñÿ ïðè ôëîòèðóþùåì è îêêëþçèâíîì òðîìáîçå. Íå ïîíèìàþ, ïî÷åìó òàê ïðî÷íî óêîðåíèëîñü ìíåíèå, ÷òî ïðè ëþáîì ôëîòèðóþùåì èëåîôåìîðàëüíîì òðîìáîçå íåîáõîäèì ôèëüòð. Èíòåðåñíî, êàê ÷àñòî êîëëåãè âèäåëè êëèíè÷åñêè çíà÷èìóþ ÒÝËÀ íà ôîíå àäåêâàòíîé à/ê òåðàïèè ó ïàöèåíòîâ, êîòîðûå íå èìåëè ñðåäñòâ íà ôèëüòð ïðè ôëîòèðóþùåì òðîìáîçå? Òàêèõ áîëüíûõ ó íàñ, íàâåðíîå, äîëæíî áûòü íåìàëî... ß - íè ó îäíîãî. Öèòàòà:
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#50
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Óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè,
Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ñóùåñòâóþò ñèòóàöèè, êîãäà èäåò ðåöèäèâ òðîìáîçà íà ôîíå àäåêâàòíîé òåðàïèè ïåðîðàëüíûìè àíòèêîàãóëÿíòàìè (ìîæíî âçÿòü ëþáîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå êëèí. èññëåäîâàíèå è òàì âñåãäà êîíå÷íûå òî÷êè - % êðîâîòå÷åíèé è % òðîìáîçîâ). Íàèáîëåå, íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ÷àñòàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ - ýòî àíòèôîñôîëèïèäíûé ñèíäðîì. Âîò ÷òî îá ýòîì ïèøóò â íåäàâíåé îáó÷àëêå Relatively few data are available for those patients who sustain a recurrent thromboembolic event in the setting of therapeutic oral anticoagulation. A variety of treatment strategies have been used, including addition of antiplatelet agents to higher-intensity oral anticoagulation, conversion from oral anticoagulants to therapeutic dose low-molecular weight heparin, and addition of immunomodulatory strategies. [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ]  íåäàâíåé ñòàòüå àíàëèçèðóåòñÿ äîëãîñðî÷íûé ïðîãíîç ïîñòàíîâêè êàâà ôèëüòðîâ (òàì êñòàòè ñðåäè èìïëàíòèðóåìûõ áûëî 15% òåõ, ó êîãî áûëè ðåòðîìáîçû áûëè íà àäåêâàòíîé àíòèêîàãóëÿöèè), êàê âèäíî ïðîãíîç ó ïàöèåíòîâ áåç àíòèêîàãóëÿíòîâ â 2,5 ðàçà õóæå Postgrad Med J. 2006 Feb;82(964):150-3. Retrospective analysis of the use of inferior vena cava filters in routine hospital practice. Dovrish Z, Hadary R, Blickstein D, Shilo L, Ellis MH. Department of Medicine C, Meir Hospital and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. INTRODUCTION: Characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing inferior vena cava (IVC) filter insertion are not well reported. Particularly, the role of long term anticoagulation in these patients is unclear. AIMS: (1) To describe in a cohort of patients undergoing IVC filter insertion, underlying diseases, indications for filter insertion, complications, and survival. (2) To determine the effect of long term anticoagulant treatment on thromboembolism and patient survival. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 109 consecutive patients undergoing IVC filter insertion in two university hospitals. RESULTS: Average age was 67.4 years. Median duration of follow up was two years. Indications for IVC filter insertion were: contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 61, 56%), prophylactic insertion (n = 29, 27%), thromboembolism while receiving adequate anticoagulation (n = 17, 15%), and non-compliance with anticoagulation (n = 2, 2%). Insertion related complications were groin haematoma in four patients (3.5%) and localised infection at the puncture site in one patient (0.9%). Fifty six patients (51.4%) died during the study period. Of these, 22 received long term anticoagulants and 34 did not. Overall and thrombosis free survival was greater in the anticoagulant treated group (median survival not reached) than in the untreated group (median survival = 12 months). Patients not receiving long term anticoagulation after IVC filter insertion were nearly 2.5-fold more likely to die or experience venous thromboembolism. CONCLUSION: IVC filter insertion was a safe procedure and was performed for appropriate indications in the patients studied. In patients surviving for longer than 30 days, prolonged administration of oral anticoagulants was associated with improved survival with no significant increase in haemorrhagic complications.
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Èñêðåííå, Âàäèì Âàëåðüåâè÷. |
#51
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Óâàæàåìûé Dr.Boris! Ýòî íå Âû çèìîé â Ïèòåð ïðèåçæàëè ñ î÷åíü èíòåðåñíûì âûñòóïëåíèåì ïî ýíäîâàñêóëÿðíîé õèðóðãèè?  ÷àñíîñòè, ïî ðåîëèòè÷åñêîé òðîìáýêòîììè - òàê, êàæåòñÿ? À åùå òàêîé "êàïþøîí ñ óäàâêîé", êîòîðûìè ôëîòèðóþùèé õâîñò îòêóñûâàåòñÿ, óëàâëèâàåòñÿ, è èçâëåêàåòñÿ?
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#52
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[Âîïðîñ ñóãóáî êëèíè÷åñêèé.
Êàê â Ðîññèè ïðîâîäèòñÿ ïðîôèëàêòèêà è ëå÷åíèå ýòîãî ïðîöåññà?] À ìåíÿ ëå÷èëè òàêèì îáðàçîì. Ïîñòóïèëà â ðåàíèìàöèþ ñ äèàãíîçîì:ôëåáîòðàìáîç ïðàâîé íèæíåé êîíå÷íîñòè, îñëîæíåííûé ðåöèäèâèðóþùåé ÒÝËÀ, èíôàðêòíîé ïðàâîñòîðîííåé ïíåâìîíèåé, ÄÍ 2 ñòåïåíè. Ïðîâîäèëàñü à/áàêòåðèàëüíàÿ òåðàïèÿ, òåðàïèÿ ãåïàðèíîì,äåçàãðåãàíòàìè. Ñêàíèðîâàíèå ãëóá. âåí- â ïðàâ.áåäðåííîé ïðèñòåí. òðîìá, ñòåíîçèðóþùèé ïðîñâåò âåíû íà 90%, ìåäèàëüíàÿ âåíà áåäðà ñòåíîçèðîâàíà òðîìáîì íà 90%, ëàòåðàëüíàÿ îêêëþçèðîâàíà, ïîäêîëåííàÿ òîæå, ãëóá. âåíû ãîëåíè ÷àñòè÷íî ïðîõîäèìû èò.ä. Ïðîèçâåäåíà èìïëàíòàöèÿ êàâàôèëüòðà. Íà ãåïàðèíå 4 ìåñ. êðóãëîñóòî÷íî (èíôóçîð), çàòåì êëåêñàí- 2 ìåñ. ,òåïåðü âàðôàðèí è äåòðàëåêñ. Ñîñòîÿíèå íîðìàëüíîå, ðàäà ,÷òî ïîïàëà â õîðîøèå ðóêè. |
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#53
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Ïî-ìîåìó, î÷åíü íà óðîâíå!
À âîîáùå, êîëëåãè, ñîãëàñèòåñü, ÷òî î÷åíü ìíîãî çàâèñèò îò îðãàíèçàöèîííûõ ìîìåíòîâ. Âîò äëÿ ìåíÿ âîïðîñ, ÷òî äåëàòü ñ áîëüíûì, êîòîðûé âå÷åðîì ïðèøåë íà ïðèåì, à ó íåãî ôëîòèðóþùèé òðîìá - î÷åíü àêòóàëåí! Íàïðèìåð, âûçûâàåøü ÐÕÁ, à åãî âåçóò â îáùåõèð. îòäåëåíèå, ãäå êëàäóò íà 3 äíÿ êîìïðåññ ñ ìàçüþ Âèøíåâñêîãî. Î ãåïàðèíå è íå âñïîìèíàþò. Èëè äîãîâàðèâàåøñÿ ñî ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûì îòäåëåíèåì, à áîëüíîãî òàì èç-çà íàêëàäîê ðàçíûõ íå ïðèíèìàþò, è îí ñóòêè âìåñòî òîãî, ÷òîáû ëå÷åíèÿ ïîëó÷àòü, ìîòàåòñÿ ïî âñåìó ãîðîäó.  êàêèõ -òî îòäåëåíèÿõ, êëèíèêàõ òÿãîòåþò ê òðîìáýêòîìèÿì, â êàêèõ-òî - ê êàâàôèëüòðàì, à ãäå-òî ïðîñòî ãëóáîêèå âåíû ïåðåâÿçûâàþò! Ïîêàçàíèÿ ê õèðóðãè÷åñêîìó ëå÷åíèþ Òàè ê ýíäîâàçàëüíûì ìåòîäèêàì ñåé÷àñ ÷åòêî íå îïðåäåëåíû, è áóäóò, íàâåðíîå, âûçûâàòü åùå ìíîãî äèñêóññèé. Ìíå êàæåòñÿ, íå âûçûâàåò ñïîðîâ, ÷òî îñíîâíîå - àíòèêîàãóëÿíòíàÿ òåðàïèÿ è êîìïðåññèÿ. Íå îòâåòèë íåñêîëüêî ðàíåå äëÿ Thorn: Öèòàòà:
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#54
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#55
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#56
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#57
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È ïëèêàöèþ äåëàþò. Äàæå â Ïåðâîé Ãðàäñêîé... |
#58
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#59
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×òîáû íå áûëî ñïîðîâ ñóùåñòâóåò 233 ïðèêàç ÌÇ èëè êàê îíî òàì íàçûâàåòñÿ îò 2003 èëè 2004 ãîäà - òàê âîò òàì âñ¸ ïîäðîáíî íàïèñàíî è íå íàäî ëîõìàòèòü áàáóøêó ñî âñÿêèìè òàì âûäóìêàìè. Ýòî ìåäèöèíà , ãäå ëþäè, à íå èíñòèòóò ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîé ìåäèöèíû , ãäå ñîâåòñêèå ãðàæäàíå.
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#60
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Õîòåëîñü áû ïîäðîáíåå îá ýòîì ïðèêàçå.
Äîëæåí çàìåòèòü, ÷òî ìåäèöèíà - ýòî ðàçâèâàþùàÿñÿ îáëàñòü çíàíèÿ è ýêñïåðèìåíò - ýòî åäèíñòâåííûé èíñòðóìåíò äîêàçàòåëüñòâà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè íîâûõ ìåòîäîâ ëå÷åíèÿ. Ñîáñòâåííî, ïðèìåíåíèå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ ìåòîäîâ ëå÷åíèÿ è àíàëèç èõ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè è ÿâëÿåòñÿ çàäà÷åé ìåäèöèíñêèõ íàó÷íûõ ïîäðàçäåëåíèé. Èëè íå ñòîèò îòõîäèòü îò ñòàíäàðòîâ 60-õ ãîäîâ? |