#16
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#17
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A power analisis of the WHI showed that it was ten-fold underpowered in detect an early - estrogen cardioprotective effect of magnitude reported in the observational Nurses Helth Study .
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#18
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#19
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#20
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#21
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#22
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ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè
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#23
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#24
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#25
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Although the risk of complication of HT remains an important clinical issue , there are no general guidelines that apply except to indicate that HT ,especially the use of estrogen+ progestin , has been associated with a small absolute increase in deep venous thrombosis & pulmonary embolism ,an apparent smaller absolute increase in breastand reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer & bone fractures .
These issues remain subjects for discussion between individual patients and their care-givers . None of these generalities should preclude regular testing of the involved systems, regardless of the decision whether or not to begin or continue HT. However, cancer ,metabolic desease ,vascular desease & brain dystrophy are not only the concerns of women on HT , but are of universal concern of women past age of reproductive.
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Ã.À. Ìåëüíè÷åíêî |
#26
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#27
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#28
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(a) Prevention, not treatment, is the most feasible goal. Use of hormone/substitutes should be part of an overall strategy including life-style modification and other preventive measures, especially cessation of smoking and alcohol abuse.
a. Ïðîôèëàêòèêà, íå ëå÷åíèå, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå âûïîëíèìîé öåëüþ. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå çàìåñòèòåëüíîé òåðàïèè äîëæíî áûòü ÷àñòüþ ïîëíîöåííîé ñòðàòåãèè, âêëþ÷àþùåé èçìåíåíèå îáðàçà æèçíè è èíûå ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêèå ìåðû, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü – ïðåêðàùåíèå çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ àëêîãîëåì. |
#29
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(b) There is not evidence that HT is beneficial for existing heart disease or dementia, but the initiation of hormones during the menopausal transition appears to provide protection against complications of the climacteric such as fractures and heart disease. This conclusion remains based on observational studies and pre-clinical research, since no RCTs have adequately addressed women starting treatment during the menopausal transition.
b. Íåò ñâèäåòåëüñòâ, äîñòàòî÷íî îáîñíîâàííî ïîäòâåðæäàþùèõ ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíîñòü íàçíà÷åíèÿ ÇÃÒ ïðè íàëè÷èè ñåðäå÷íî-ñîñóäèñòûõ çàáîëåâàíèé èëè ñòàð÷åñêîãî ñëàáîóìèÿ, íî íà÷àëî ïðèåìà çàìåñòèòåëüíîé òåðàïèè âî âðåìÿ ïåðèìåíîïàóçû ìîæåò îáåñïå÷èâàòü ïðîôèëàêòèêó ïåðåëîìîâ è ñåðäå÷íî-ñîñóäèñòûõ çàáîëåâàíèé. Ýòî çàêëþ÷åíèå îáîñíîâàíî ñîãëàñíî äàííûì îáñåðâàöèîííûõ è ïðåêëèíè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, òàê êàê ðàíäîìèçèðîâàííûå êëèíè÷åñêèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñ ó÷àñòèåì æåíùèí â ïåðèìåíîïàóçàëüíîì ïåðèîäå äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè íå ïðîâîäèëèñü. |
#30
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(c) Appropriate and effective doses should be established for each of the systems to be treated/protected. The dose and regimen of HT need to be individualized. Older menopausal and postmenopausal women generally require lower doses than younger women.
c. Ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ýôôåêòèâíûå äîçèðîâêè ïðåïàðàòîâ ÇÃÒ äîëæíû áûòü îïðåäåëåíû äëÿ êàæäîé èç ñèñòåì, áëàãîïðèÿòíî îòâå÷àþùåé íà òåðàïèþ. Äîçèðîâêè è ðåæèìû ÇÃÒ äîëæíû áûòü èíäèâèäóàëèçèðîâàíû. Æåíùèíû â ïîñòìåíîïàóçå è èìåþùèå áîëüøèé ñòàæ ìåíîïàóçû àïðèîðè òðåáóþò áîëåå íèçêèõ äîçèðîâîê, ÷åì æåíùèíû áîëåå ìîëîäûå. |