Причины анемий

[Dr.Vad]

(from Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology)
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Classification of the Normocytic Anemias

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Anemia associated with appropriately increased erythrocyte production
Posthemorrhagic anemia
Hemolytic anemia

Decreased erythropoietin secretion
Impaired source
>Renal: anemia of renal insufficiency
>Hepatic: anemia of liver disease
Reduced stimulus (decreased tissue oxygen needs)
>Anemia of endocrine deficiency
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Anemia of chronic disorders

Anemia with impaired marrow response
Bone marrow hypoplasia
Red blood cell aplasia
>Acquired pure red cell aplasia in adults
>Transient erythroblastopenia of childhood
>Transient aplastic crises associated with hemolysis
Aplastic anemia (pancytopenia)
Bone marrow infiltrative disorders
Leukemia
Myeloma
Other myelophthisic anemias
Myelodysplastic anemias
Dyserythropoietic anemias (congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II)
Iron deficiency (early)

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Classification of Microcytic Anemias

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Disorders of iron metabolism
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic disorders

Disorders of globin synthesis
Alpha and beta thalassemias
Hemoglobin E syndromes (AE, EE, E-beta-thalassemia)
Hemoglobin C syndromes (AC, CC)
Unstable hemoglobin disease

Sideroblastic anemias
Hereditary sideroblastic anemia
>X-linked
>Autosomal
Acquired sideroblastic anemia
>Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts
>Malignancies
>Myeloproliferative disorders
Reversible acquired sideroblastic anemia
>Alcoholism
>Drugs (isoniazid, chloramphenicol)
Lead intoxication (usually normocytic)

[Dr.Vad]

Common pathologic causes of macrocytosis:

Drugs
Alcoholism
Reticulocytosis
Nonalcoholic and alcoholic liver disease
Hypothyroidism
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Multiple myeloma
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Aplastic anemia
Acute leukemia