Всем привет, у меня вопрос на тему: нейроны головного мозга.
Как уже известно, что нейроны головного мозга восстанавливаются, тогда почему боксеры все равно тупеют?
Many youth continue to participate in boxing even though several medical groups have called for its discontinuation due to the incidence of brain injury (Purcell and LeBlanc, 2012). Although many youth and amateur boxers wear protective gear and follow rules that are different from those for professional boxers, a primary goal of boxing is to attack the head and face of the opponent, which often results in a concussion or more severe brain injury (Jordan, 1987). Indeed, the association of boxing and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is very well-recognized in the medical literature. The so-called punch-drunk syndrome was first recognized as early as 1928 (Wilberger and Maroon, 1989), and it is associated with personality disturbances, dysarthria, or Parkinson-like disturbances.
There is ample evidence supporting the association of boxing with chronic traumatic brain injury. Several researchers have found brain abnormalities in professional boxers (see, for example, Casson et al., 1984; Drew et al., 1986; Kaste et al., 1982; Morrison, 1986; Ross et al., 1983). Jordan and colleagues (1997) examined boxers who had a high exposure to head contact (defined as having had 12 or more professional bouts) to boxers with low exposure to head contact (defined by less than 12 professional bouts) on neurocognitive performance, symptoms, and genetic testing. The authors reported that athletes with a high exposure to head contact had lower cognitive function than did those with low head contact exposure.
The largest DTI studies to date on repetitive head impacts are those involving professional boxers (ages 20 to 52), with sample sizes ranging from 24 to 81. Across these studies, microstructural abnormalities were found as indicated by increased regional and whole brain diffusion and decreased FA in boxers relative to control subjects (Chappell et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2003, 2006). These findings are further supported by a high-resolution MRI study of 100 boxers (85 with complete data, ages 19 to 42 years) showing a significant correlation between years of boxing and diffuse axonal injury (Orrison et al., 2009).
Together these studies suggest that boxing is associated with possible long-term cognitive decline and axonal injury. Although boxing is an extreme example of a contact sport, the neuropsychological and imaging findings from studies of boxers supplement those of athletes who play other contact sports such as football and hockey.
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27.05.2017, 20:23
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