Эффективность сезонных вакцин против нового гриппа и о риске заболевания НГ пожилых

[rainy_sky]

Нашла интригующую новость, предлагаю высказать свое мнение о работе американцев.
Американские ученые из Центра инфекционных болезней, Калифорния, в ходе изучения проблемы свиного гриппа выяснили, что люди, которые болели обычным гриппом хотя бы раз в жизни, противостоят свиному лучше. Также лучшая сопротивляемость вирусу наблюдалась у людей прошедших вакцинацию.
Ученые считают, что у пожилых людей сформирована частичная защита от данного вируса, таким образом, они переносят болезнь намного легче по сравнению с молодежью и детьми. Данное утверждение следует из исследований, проведенных американскими специалистами. Т.е. наш иммунитет может распознавать антигены вируса свиного гриппа, а антитела, образованные к ним, могут частично обезвредить вирусы любого гриппа. Полностью избавить от гриппа они не могут, но облегчить протекание болезни вполне.

[Наталья П.]

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Effectiveness of 2008--09 Trivalent Influenza Vaccine Against 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) --- United States, May--June 2009
Since first reports in April 2009, the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has spread around the world. The pandemic virus is antigenically distinct from seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses targeted by seasonal influenza vaccines. Results from recent serologic studies have suggested that seasonal influenza vaccines are unlikely to provide substantial cross-protection against infection with the pandemic H1N1 virus. However, how serologic results correlate with the complex immune responses that confer clinical protection remains uncertain. To complement the serologic studies and evaluate the effectiveness of 2008-09 trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine against laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A (H1N1) illness, CDC used available data to conduct a case-cohort analysis. The analysis used surveillance reports from eight states of persons aged >18 years with confirmed pandemic H1N1 illness during May-June 2009. Influenza vaccination coverage estimates for these states during the 2008-09 influenza season (September 2008-February 2009) were estimated for the population cohort by using preliminary Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) data. The overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) against pandemic virus illness after adjustment for age group and presence of chronic medical conditions that increase the risk for complications from influenza was -10% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -43%-15%). Current evidence from this study and other studies does not suggest that seasonal influenza vaccination either decreases of increases the risk for acquiring pandemic H1N1 illness. To prevent seasonal and pandemic influenza, CDC recommends vaccination with seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines.

Аналогичный результат получен в Австралии [Kelly H. et al. Eurosurveill 2009; 14(31)], где общая скорректированная по возрасту эффективность вакцины против заболевания, вызванного пандемическим вирусом, составила 3%


Katz J et al. Serum cross-reactive antibody response to a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine. MMWR 2009; 58:521-524
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As of May 19, 2009, a total of 5,469 confirmed or probable cases of human infection with a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus had been documented in 47 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, the virus had spread to 41 countries, with a total of 4,774 cases reported in countries outside the United States. Because producing a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus vaccine will take several months, determining whether receipt of seasonal influenza vaccine might offer any protection against the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus is important. Therefore, using stored serum specimens collected during previous vaccine studies, CDC assessed the level of cross-reactive antibody to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in cohorts of children and adults before and after they had been vaccinated with the 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, or 2008-09 influenza season vaccines. The results indicated that before vaccination, no cross-reactive antibody to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus existed among children. Among adults, before vaccination, cross-reactive antibody was detected in 6%--9% of those aged 18--64 years and in 33% of those aged >60 years. Previous vaccination of children with any of four seasonal trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccines (TIV) or with live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) did not elicit a cross-reactive antibody response to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. Among adults, vaccination with seasonal TIV resulted in a twofold increase in cross-reactive antibody response to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus among those aged 18--64 years, compared with a twelvefold to nineteenfold increase in cross-reactive antibody response to the seasonal H1N1 strain; no increase in cross-reactive antibody response to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus was observed among adults aged >60 years. These data suggest that receipt of recent (2005--2009) seasonal influenza vaccines is unlikely to elicit a protective antibody response to the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus.


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