[exomen]

[Ссылки доступны только зарегистрированным пользователям ]

Что бы Вы не искали там написано следующее, что глобально согласуется с той частью ваших высказываний, которая несет смысловую нагрузку, а не хамоватые малотактичные замечания.

Тhe advantages of a subcutaneous port are stability with intact skin protecting the device from damage, accidental
dislodgement and infection; less maintenance, flushing, and dressing changes; and ports are less prone to
environmental or cutaneous contamination when not accessed. Additionally, because the device is buried beneath
the skin, patients can resume regular activities after the pocket is healed, including swimming. However, they are
more difficult to implant, are more costly initially, can result in skin erosion due to needle insertion, and carry an
additional risk of hidden extravasation of injected substances from needle dislodgement or incomplete needle
placement.

Although ports have been shown to have the lowest reported rates of catheter-related BSI compared to either
tunnelled or non-tunnelled CVC, infection is still the most common complication of ports. Despite the overlying skin
acting as a protective barrier for infection, local infection of the subcutaneous tissue (exit-site infection and port-
pocket infection) can occur; this may lead to bloodstream infection.

Microorganisms can be introduced during in-use manipulation of the IV line, via the needle during percutaneous
puncture of the port, or, in protracted infusions, microorganisms may have colonised the percutaneous needle
implanted in the port and successively the catheter. The microorganisms that cause most healthcare associated
IVD-related infections are found on the skin and include coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus
aureus, Candida spp., and some Gram-negative bacteria.

Risk factors for infection include the:
- Patient’s condition: immunocompetence, blood count (especially neutrophils)
- Patient’s primary diagnosis: solid tumour or haematological malignancy
- Medical indication for catheter placement: total parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, or antibiotics
- Catheter-related problems e.g. clot formation at the catheter tip
- Experience of catheter team
- Place of catheter insertion: operating room, interventional radiology unit.

Fully implanted catheters (ports) are more suitable for less frequent accessing but long-term use, whereas skin
tunnelled catheters are recommended for intensive access.