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5 June 2006
Researchers have found a significant relationship between anxiety disorders and illicit drug use that they say clinicians should be aware of.
Data from two independent community surveys conducted in the USA and Ontario showed that all anxiety disorders, except for social phobia with fears limited to speaking situations, were significantly associated with a lifetime use of cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, and heroin.
In all, 13,993 individuals were asked about lifetime anxiety disorder diagnoses, including social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder, along with lifetime use of amphetamines, hallucinogens, cocaine, and heroin.
Among individuals with lifetime use of stimulants, cocaine, or hallucinogens, approximately one third had at least one lifetime anxiety disorder.
After taking into account, age, gender, and education, each of the anxiety disorders was significantly associated with each of the drugs examined.
When social phobia was subdivided into social phobia-complex and social phobia-speaking, only social phobia-complex remained significantly associated with illicit drug use.
The investigators note in the journal Psychiatry Research that the association between anxiety disorder and heroin use was stronger, at an odds ratio (OR) of around 3.0, than the associations between anxiety disorder and stimulant, cocaine or hallucinogen use, at an odds ratio of around 2.0 in each case.
Social phobia and specific phobia both tended to occur at a younger age than drug use onset, although age of onset was less consistent for the remaining anxiety disorders. Generalized anxiety disorder was the only disorder that developed after the onset of stimulant and hallucinogen use.
Lead author Jitender Sareen (University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada) and colleagues suggest that anxiety may increase the vulnerability for the use of substances. They speculate that individuals with social anxiety may use drugs to decrease their self-consciousness in social interactions.
Alternatively, an indirect causal relationship may exist whereby anxiety disorders increase the risk of illicit drug use through increasing the risk of major depression and alcohol use disorders.
Sareen and team conclude: "Clinicians and researchers need to be aware of this relationship between anxiety and substance use.
"Early intervention programs targeting adolescents with certain anxiety disorders may prevent the onset of illicit drug use, thereby leading to a reduction in the societal burden of mental illness."
Source: Psychiatry Res 2006; 14: 11–17
©2006 Current Medicine Group Ltd
Учитывая возраст первого употребления drugs в нашей стране, видимо надо громче кричать, что у детей тоже бывает депрессия и тревога...
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