[KhasanovMD]

Infections in pregnancy — Pregnant women are frequently exposed to enteroviruses. The risk of infection is higher among those who do not have antibodies from earlier exposure to these viruses and for those who are exposed to young children (the primary spreaders of enteroviruses). Most enterovirus infections during pregnancy cause mild or no maternal illness. Enterovirus infections in pregnant women do not readily cross the placenta and cause fetal disease, nor is there an association with miscarriage or preterm birth [56]. However, rare cases of intrauterine fetal death from enterovirus infection and severe maternal abdominal pain suggestive of abruption have been reported [57,58]. Vertical transmission is much more likely to occur in the perinatal period. Strict adherence to good hygiene practices may help to decrease the risk of infection during pregnancy and around the time of delivery.
There is no strong evidence that maternal enterovirus infections cause congenital malformation even though a few reports have suggested a possible relationship with certain anomalies [59-61].

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