World Population Ageing 2007
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
The Population Division of the United Nations, August 2007
About World Population Ageing 2007
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Table of Contents
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Executive Summary - Available in (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish)
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Summary Tables
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The report provides a description of global trends in population ageing and includes key indicators of the ageing process for each of the major areas, regions and countries of the world.
The contents of this report underscore four major findings:
· Population ageing is unprecedented, a process without parallel in the history of humanity. A population ages when increases in the proportion of older persons (that is, those aged 60 years or over) are accompanied by reductions in the proportion of children (persons under age 15) and then by declines in the proportions of persons in the working ages (15 to 59). At the world level, the number of older persons is expected to exceed the number of children for the first time in 2047. In the more developed regions, where population ageing is far advanced, the number of children dropped below that of older persons in 1998.
· Population ageing is pervasive since it is affecting nearly all the countries of the world. Population ageing results mainly from reductions of fertility that have become virtually universal. The resulting slowdown in the growth of the number of children coupled with the steady increase in the number of older persons has a direct bearing on both the intergenerational and intragenerational equity and solidarity that are the foundations of society.
· Population ageing is profound, having major consequences and implications for all facets of human life. In the economic area, population ageing will have an impact on economic growth, savings, investment, consumption, labour markets, pensions, taxation and intergenerational transfers. In the social sphere, population ageing influences family composition and living arrangements, housing demand, migration trends, epidemiology and the need for health-care services. In the political arena, population ageing may shape voting patterns and political representation.
· Population ageing is enduring. Since 1950 the proportion of older persons has been rising steadily, passing from 8 per cent in 1950 to 11 per cent in 2007, and is expected to reach 22 per cent in 2050 (figure I). As long as old age mortality continues to decline and fertility remains low, the proportion of older persons will continue to increase.
Chapters
Introduction
I. Demographic determinants of population ageing
II. Magnitude and speed of population ageing
III. The changing balance among age groups
IV. Demographic profile of the older population
V. Socio-economic characteristics of the older population
VI. Conclusion
References
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