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Öèòàòà:
PS. À áåç ðåäàêòèðîâàíèÿ ñî ñíèìàíèåì ìàñîê è ïîæèìàíèåì ðóê áûëî ëó÷øå, ÈÌÕÎ. |
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Öèòàòà:
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Óâàæàåìûå êîëëåãè! Ñîãëàñíû ëè âû ñ ïðèâåä¸ííûì îïðåäåëåíèåì "Çîëîòîãî Ñòàíäàðòà"?
In medicine, a gold standard test or criterion standard test is a diagnostic test or benchmark that is regarded as definitive. This can refer to diagnosing a disease process, or the criteria by which scientific evidence is evaluated. |
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 òàêîì ñëó÷àå õîðîøî áû âñå-òàêè íåìíîãî ëó÷øå çíàòü, ÷òî ïðîèñõîäèò â îòîëàðèíãîëîãèè â ÑØÀ è Åâðîïå. Íî ó âàñ âñå âïåðåäè.
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Òîæå â òåìó. Îïóáëèêîâàíî â òîëüêî ÷òî âûøåäøåì íîìåðå The Lancet Infectious Diseases:
Falagas ME et al. Comparison of antibiotics with placebo for treatment of acute sinusitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis 2008; 8:543-552 [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] |
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Acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults
Jack M Gwaltney, Jr, MD UpToDate performs a continuous review of over 375 journals and other resources. Updates are added as important new information is published DIAGNOSIS*—*Sinus involvement can be assumed to be present in many, if not most, cases of the common cold and influenza-like illness [10,11]. The challenge to the physician is to recognize the small percentage of cases of viral rhinosinusitis in which secondary bacterial infection of the sinus has occurred (show table 3). When to suspect bacterial infection*—*Studies that have attempted to identify signs and symptoms that are specific to acute bacterial rhinosinusitis have been limited by imperfect diagnostic standards. Nevertheless, there appear to be no signs and symptoms of acute respiratory illness that are both sensitive and specific in making the distinction between bacterial and viral infection [13,20,21]. Nasal secretion is the most sensitive symptom but has a specificity of only 50 percent. In addition, the traditional signs and symptoms used to diagnose acute sinusitis have never been correlated with sinus aspirate culture. Since rhinoviral infection typically improves in seven to ten days, the current consensus is that a patient with a cold or influenza-like illness that has persisted without improvement or has worsened over seven to ten days may have developed bacterial sinusitis (show table 3). In this subset of patients, the presence of nasal discharge, particularly if purulent, and/or maxillary pain or tenderness in the face or teeth, particularly if unilateral, is suggestive of acute bacterial sinusitis [13,14,22,23]. This type of presentation is common in acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis, but some patients develop fever with facial pain, swelling, and erythema more acutely. In the latter patients, the diagnosis and treatment should not be delayed. Patients with acute bacterial sinusitis that is not a complication of viral rhinosinusitis may give a history of tooth pain, foul odor to the breath, and other signs of dental infection. Other patients may report a history of allergy, swimming and diving, or persistent nasal obstruction. The diagnosis of nosocomial sinusitis is based upon a history of nasal intubation or of other procedures which impair sinus drainage. (See "Endotracheal tube management", section on Nosocomial sinusitis). Transillumination*—*Transillumination of the sinuses has been used as a diagnostic test. However, it is useful only for examining the maxillary and frontal sinuses. More importantly, it does not distinguish between viral and bacterial sinusitis and is difficult to perform. Therefore, transillumination of the sinuses as a diagnostic technique has limited value [14]. The procedure must be performed by an experienced observer in a dark room. Transillumination has been compared to radiography and found not to provide additional predictive information; also, the value of radiography has been questioned (see "Radiologic tests" below). Sinus aspirate culture*—*Sinus aspirate culture is the gold standard for making a microbial diagnosis in sinus infection. However, this procedure is not appropriate for use in routine medical practice. Sinus aspirate culture should be considered if there is a suspicion of intracranial extension of the infection or other serious complications. This procedure may also provide useful information in patients with nosocomial sinusitis. () Radiologic tests*— Imaging studies are not indicated in the usual case of acute community-acquired sinusitis, unless intracranial or orbital complications are suspected. CT scanning is generally acknowledged to be the imaging procedure of choice as it provides better sensitivity than plain x-ray [24,25]. However, neither test can distinguish viral from bacterial infection. (See "Preseptal (periorbital) and orbital cellulitis"). One study directly compared sinus radiography and CT scanning [26]. The sensitivity and specificity of sinus films were 59 and 88 percent, respectively; 21 of 29 CT scans were interpreted as positive for acute sinusitis with agreement on the interpretation of 28 of these scans. Concordance on the interpretation of sinus radiographs versus CT scans was only 0.34 although this value improved to 0.77 for maxillary sinusitis. One limitation of CT scanning is that it is frequently abnormal in patients with the common cold (show radiograph 1). In one series, 27 of 31 adults with an upper respiratory infection had an abnormal CT of the sinuses, including occlusion and abnormalities in the sinus cavities [10]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to demonstrate intracranial spread of infection but is not as good as CT scanning for the diagnosis of acute sinusitis [24]. In recurrent sinusitis, CT scanning may help delineate anatomic blockage of the osteomeatal complex [24]. Recommendations*—*Plain films of the sinuses are not recommended (show table 3) [14,22,23]. If imaging is performed, CT is the usual test of choice with MRI sometimes being useful in selected cases with suspected extra sinus involvement. CT scan should be obtained if a patient has failed one or two courses of appropriate antibiotic therapy. This occurs in approximately 10 percent of patients who have received appropriate antimicrobial treatment [27]. It is also reasonable to consider referring such patients to an otolaryngologist for possible sinus puncture to obtain cultures. Êñòàòè, ÷òî æå òàêîå îñòðûé è õðîíè÷åñêèé ñèíóñèò? Definitions*—*Sinusitis may be defined as an inflammatory process involving the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses and/or underlying bone. Because this condition commonly involves the nasal mucosa as well, some clinicians prefer to use the term rhinosinusitis. Sinusitis may be classified as acute, subacute, or chronic, based upon the duration of symptoms [4,5]: Acute sinusitis is sudden in onset and lasts up to four weeks. Subacute sinusitis represents a continuum of the natural progression of acute sinusitis, which lasts for a period of four to 12 weeks. Chronic sinusitis is defined as inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting for at least 12 consecutive weeks [4]. |
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Çäåñü íåìíîãî ïîäðîáíåå:
[Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] |
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Óâàæàåìûå äîêòîðà, ñïàñèáî çà ñòàòüè, òîëüêî åñëè âû âñòðå÷àåòå ñëîâî "sinus puncture"â òåêñòå, ýòî åùå íå çíà÷èò, ÷òî ýòî ïî òåìå íàøåé äèñêóññèè. ß âñå ðàâíî â íèõ íå óâèäåëà îáúÿñíåíèé ïî ïîâîäó íåýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïóíêöèé â ëå÷åíèè îñòðûõ ãíîéíûõ ãàéìîðèòîâ.  îñíîâíîì îïèñàíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ, â êîòîðûõ ïóíêöèÿ ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ äëÿ ïîñåâà ñîäåðæèìîãî ïàçóõ è ïðåäëàãàþòñÿ áîëåå áåçáîëåçíåííûå àëüòåðíàòèâû. ß ïðî ïîñåâ èç ïàçóõ óæå ïèñàëà.
Äîëãî íå îòâå÷àëà, ò.ê. âåëà ïåðåïèñêó ñ çàïàäíûìè êîëëåãàìè ïî ïîâîäó ïóíêöèé â/÷ ïàçóõ. È õî÷ó ïðèâåñòè âàì îòâåò ä.ì.í. îòîëàðèíãîëîãà, êîòîðûé ðàáîòàåò â Ãåðìàíèè â êëèíèêå [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] "Ïóíêöèè â/÷ ïàçóõ ìû íå äåëàåì èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî ïî ýêîíîìè÷åñêèì ñîîáðàæåíèÿì. Âðåìÿ è ìàòåðèàëû çàòðà÷åííûå íà ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïóíêöèè íå îêóïàþò ñòîèìîñòè ãîíîðàðà ñòðàõîâîé êîìïàíèè. Ïîýòîìó îñòðûå ïðîöåññû âñå íàøè êîëëåãè ëå÷àò àíòèáèîòèêàìè, ñòîèìîñòü êîòîðûõ îïëà÷èâàåò òà æå ñòðàõîâàÿ êîìïàíèÿ íî èç äðóãîãî áþäæåòà. À åñëè îñòðûé ïðîöåññ íå êóïèðóåòñÿ, òî îïåðèðóåì ýíäîíàçàëüíî.  ïðèíöèïå ýíäîíàçàëüíàÿ îïåðàöèÿ- òîò æå äðåíàæ òîëüêî áåç ìíîãîêðàòíûõ ïóíêöèé. Íèêàêèõ îñîáûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî ïîâîäó ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ïóíêöèé ìíå íå èçâåñòíî. ß ñàì ñ÷èòàþ, ÷òî ïóíêöèè - ïðåêðàñíûé ìåòîä ëå÷åíèÿ åñëè ïàöèåíò íà ýòî ñîãëàñåí." ß äóìàþ ýòî èñ÷åðïûâàþùèé îòâåò. |
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à êàê äîêòîðà çîâóò? áûëî áû èíòåðåñíî ïî÷èòàòü ññûëêè íà íåãî. ñïàñèáî
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Âû íå îøèáàåòåñü.
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íàâåðíîå, ÿ íåïðàâèëüíî èùó...
LimitsPreview/IndexHistoryClipboardDetails The following terms were not found: khramtsovskiy[Author], hramtsovskiy[Author], khramtsovsky[Author]. See Details. No items found. à âû ìîæåòå ñêàçàòü, êàê òî÷íî ïèøåòñÿ èìÿ äîêòîðà èëè äàòü ññûëêè íà åãî ñòàòüè... ïî÷èòàòü. ñïàñèáî |
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Öèòàòà:
Ïî-ìîåìó âû âñå-òàêè íå ïðî÷èòàëè âîò åòî: [Ññûëêè äîñòóïíû òîëüêî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííûì ïîëüçîâàòåëÿì ] |
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ß íå áóäó âäàâàòüñÿ â ïðîñòðàííóþ äèñêóññèþ,âðÿä ëè ýòî ÷òî-òî èçìåíèò. Õî÷ó ëèøü îñòàíîâèòüñÿ íà íåñêîëüêèõ ìîìåíòàõ. Íå êîììåíòèðóþ âîïðîñ îá ýêîíîìè÷åñêîé öåëåñîîáðàçíîñòè ïóíêöèÿ vs ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêàÿ àíòðîñòîìèÿ. Òóò âñå ïîíÿòíî. Îñëîæíåíèÿ ïðè ðàñøèðåíèè è ðåêîíñòðóêöèè åñòåñòâåííîãî ñîóñòüÿ â/÷ ïàçóõè íàâåðíîå âñòðå÷àþòñÿ íå íàìíîãî ÷àùå ,÷åì ïðè ïóíêöèè( â óìåëûõ ðóêàõ). Íî,åñëè ïðè ïóíêöèè ìàêñèìóì ,÷òî âîçìîæíî-ýòî ïîâðåæäåíèå íîñî-ñëåçíîãî ïðîòîêà, êîòîðîå íå èìååò ïîñëåäñòâèé äëÿ ïàöèåíòà(â âèäå ñòîéêîé îáñòðóêöèè), òî îñëîæíåíèÿ middle meatal antrostomy êóäà èíòåðåñíåå: ñòðèêòóðû íîñî-ñëåçíîãî ïðîòîêà ïðè ëèõîì ïðèìåíåíèè îáðàòíîãî âûêóñûâàòåëÿ, ïîâðåæäåíèå ïîäãëàçíè÷íîãî íåðâà ( íèçêîå ñòîÿíèå ãëàçíè÷íîé ñòåíêè, àíîìàëèè ïðèêðåïëåíèÿ êðþ÷êîâèäíîãî îòðîñòêà, Ãàëåð) ïîâðåæäåíèå áóìàæíîé ïëàñòèíêè(ïî òåì æå ïðè÷èíàì),êðîâîòå÷åíèÿ, íåñòàáèëüíîñòü ñðåäíåé ðàêîâèíû ïðè ôîðñèðîâàííîé ëàòåðàëèçàöèè,ñòåíîç âíîâü îáðàçîâàííîãî ñîóñòüÿ, ïàðàäîêñàëüíàÿ öèðêóëÿöèÿ ñëèçè ïðè íåðàñïîçíàííîé çàäíåé ôîíòàíåëëå. Õâàòèò?
Õîòü çàñòðåëèòå ìåíÿ èç ðîãàòêè, íî ÿ íå ïðåäñòàâëÿþ ,êàê ËÎð âðà÷ ñèäÿ â ñâîåì îôôèñå äåëàåò âñåì ïîäðÿä ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêóþ îïåðàöèþ. Äàæå ïðè íàëè÷èè ñòàöèîíàðà.  îñåííå-çèìíå -âåñåííèé ïåðèîä ïàöèåíòû ñ îñòðûìè è îáîñòðåíèÿìè õðîíè÷åñêîãî ñèíóñèòà èäóò ê âðà÷ó òîëïàìè. Íè íà êàêóþ äðóãóþ ðàáîòó âðåìåíè ïîïðîñòó íå îñòàíåòñÿ. Õîòÿ áåññïîðíî, áóäóùåå çà ýíäîñêîïè÷åñêîé ìåòîäèêîé,íî è ïóíêöèÿ íèêóäà íå äåíåòñÿ. Äåëàëè åå è áóäóò äåëàòü. Âñå. Íàïîñëåäîê âîò ýòî: Surgical therapy for uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is rarely necessary. Occasionally, it is necessary to drain the involved sinus of purulence in order to provide symptomatic relief to the patient. This most commonly would involve an antral puncture of the maxillary sinus for relief of excruciating facial pain. This is performed in the outpatient setting and is ideally done under endoscopic visualization after topicalizing the nasal cavity with an analgesic and decongestanspray (we use 1% ephedrine and 2% pontocaine, followed by locally injected anesthetic: 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine). Using a large-bore trocar or spinal needle, a puncture is made into the medial wall of the maxillary sinus through the inferior meatus, inferior and posterior to the valve of Hasner of the nasolacrimal duct. Aspiration of the sinus contents is then performed. Appropriate cultures should be obtained. Lavage of the sinus with saline may facilitate complete evacuation of sinus contents. The patient’s pain is often dramatically relieved in this setting. DISEASES of the SINUSES Diagnosis and Management DAVID W. KENNEDY, MD, FACS, FRCSI Professor and Chairman Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WILLIAM E. BOLGER, MD, FACS Associate Professor Chief of Rhinology and Sinus Surgery Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery University of Pennsylvania Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania S. JAMES ZINREICH, MD Associate Professor Department of Radiology/Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery Chief, Head and Neck Imaging Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland |
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